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NO.30 What is a result of enabling split tunneling in the GlobalProtect portal configuration with the “Both Network Traffic and DNS” option?

It specifies when the secondary DNS server is used for resolution to allow access to specific domains that are not managed by the VPN.

It allows users to access internal resources when connected locally and external resources when connected remotely using the same FQDN.

lt allows devices on a local network to access blocked websites by changing which DNS server resolves certain domain names.

It specifies which domains are resolved by the VPN-assigned DNS servers and which domains are resolved by the local DNS servers.

NO.31 In a Palo Alto Networks environment, GlobalProtect has been enabled using certificate-based authentication for both users and devices. To ensure proper validation of certificates, one or more certificate profiles are configured.
What function do certificate profiles serve in this context?

They store private keys for users and devices, effectively allowing the firewall to issue or reissue certificates if the primary Certificate Authority (CA) becomes unavailable, providing a built-in fallback CA to maintain continuous certificate issuance and authentication.

They define trust anchors (root / intermediate Certificate Authorities (CAs)), specify revocation checks (CRL/OCSP), and map certificate attributes (e.g., CN) for user or device authentication.

They allow the firewall to bypass certificate validation entirely, focusing only on username / password-based authentication.

They provide a one-click mechanism to distribute certificates to all endpoints without relying on external enrollment methods.

NO.32 After an engineer configures an IPSec tunnel with a Cisco ASA, the Palo Alto Networks firewall generates system messages reporting the tunnel is failing to establish.
Which of the following actions will resolve this issue?

Ensure that an active static or dynamic route exists for the VPN peer with next hop as the tunnel interface.

Configure the Proxy IDs to match the Cisco ASA configuration.

Check that IPSec is enabled in the management profile on the external interface.

Validate the tunnel interface VLAN against the peer’s configuration.

NO.33 What are the phases of the Palo Alto Networks AI Runtime Security: Network Intercept solution?

Scanning, Isolation, Whitelisting, Logging

Discovery, Deployment, Detection, Prevention

Policy Generation, Discovery, Enforcement, Logging

Profiling, Policy Generation, Enforcement, Reporting

NO.34 In a hybrid cloud deployment, what is the primary function of Ansible in managing Palo Alto Networks NGFWs?

It provides a web interface for managing NGFW hardware clusters.

It enables centralized log collection and correlation for NGFWs.

It facilitates dynamic updates to NGFW threat databases.

It automates NGFW policy updates and configurations through playbooks.

NO.35 A multinational organization wants to use the Cloud Identity Engine (CIE) to aggregate identity data from multiple sources (on premises AD, Azure AD, Okta) while enforcing strict data isolation for different regional business units. Each region’s firewalls, managed via Panorama, must only receive the user and group information relevant to that region. The organization aims to minimize administrative overhead while meeting data sovereignty requirements.
Which approach achieves this segmentation of identity data?

Create one CIE tenant, aggregate all identity data into a single view, and redistribute the full dataset to all firewalls. Rely on per-firewall Security policies to restrict access to out-of-scope user and group information.

Establish separate CIE tenants for each business unit, integrating each tenant with the relevant identity sources. Redistribute user and group data from each tenant only to the region’s firewalls, maintaining a strict one-to-one mapping of tenant to business unit.

Disable redistribution of identity data entirely. Instead, configure each regional firewall to pull user and group details directly from its local identity providers (IdPs).

Deploy a single CIE tenant that collects all identity data, then configure segments within the tenant to filter and redistribute only the relevant user/group sets to each regional firewall group.

NO.36 An NGFW engineer is configuring multiple Layer 2 interfaces on a Palo Alto Networks firewall, and all interfaces must be assigned to the same VLAN. During initial testing, it is reported that clients located behind the various interfaces cannot communicate with each other.
Which action taken by the engineer will resolve this issue?

Configure each interface to belong to the same Layer 2 zone and enable IP routing between them.

Assign each interface to the appropriate Layer 2 zone and configure a policy that allows traffic within the VLAN.

Assign each interface to the appropriate Layer 2 zone and configure Security policies for interfaces not assigned to the same zone.

Enable IP routing between the interfaces and configure a Security policy to allow traffic between interfaces within the VLAN.

NO.37 When integrating Kubernetes with Palo Alto Networks NGFWs, what is used to secure traffic between microservices?

Service graph

Ansible automation modules

Panorama role-based access control

CN-Series firewalls

NO.38 An organization has configured GlobalProtect in a hybrid authentication model using both certificate-based authentication for the pre-logon stage and SAML-based multi-factor authentication (MFA) for user logon.
How does the GlobalProtect agent process the authentication flow on Windows endpoints?

The GlobalProtect agent uses the machine certificate to establish a pre-logon tunnel; upon user sign-in, it prompts for SAML-based MFA credentials, ensuring both device and user identities are validated before granting full access.

The GlobalProtect agent uses the machine certificate during pre-logon for initial tunnel establishment, and then seamlessly reuses the same machine certificate for user-based authentication without requiring MFA.

Once the machine certificate is validated at pre-logon, the Windows endpoint completes MFA on behalf of the user by passing existing Windows Credential Provider details to the GlobalProtect gateway without prompting the user.

GlobalProtect requires the user to log in first for SAML-based MFA before establishing the pre-logon tunnel, rendering the pre-logon certificate authentication (CA) flow redundant.

NO.39 An administrator plans to upgrade a pair of active/passive firewalls to a new PAN-OS release. The environment is highly sensitive, and downtime must be minimized.
What is the recommended upgrade process for minimal disruption in this high availability (HA) scenario?

Suspend the active firewall to trigger a failover to the passive firewall. With traffic now running on the former passive unit, upgrade the suspended (now passive) firewall and confirm proper operation. Then fail traffic back and upgrade the remaining firewall.

Shut down the currently active firewall and upgrade it offline, allowing the passive firewall to handle all traffic. Once the active firewall finishes upgrading, bring it back online and rejoin the HA cluster. Finally, upgrade the passive firewall while the newly upgraded unit remains active.

Isolate both firewalls from the production environment and upgrade them in a separate, offline setup. Reconnect them only after validating the new software version, resuming HA functionality once both units are fully upgraded and tested.

Push the new PAN-OS version simultaneously to both firewalls, having them upgrade and reboot in parallel. Rely on automated HA reconvergence to restore normal operations without manually failing over traffic.

NO.40 Which two statements describe an external zone in the context of virtual systems (VSYS) on a Palo Alto Networks firewall? (Choose two.)

It is associated with an interface within a VSYS of a firewall.

It is a security object associated with a specific virtual router of a VSYS.

It is not associated with an interface; it is associated with a VSYS itself.

It is a security object associated with a specific VSYS.

NO.41 An organization runs multiple Kubernetes clusters both on-premises and in public clouds (AWS, Azure, GCP). They want to deploy the Palo Alto Networks CN-Series NGFW to secure east-west traffic within each cluster, maintain consistent Security policies across all environments, and dynamically scale as containerized workloads spin up or down. They also plan to use a centralized Panorama instance for policy management and visibility.
Which approach meets these requirements?

Install standalone CN-Series instances in each cluster with local configuration only. Export daily policy configuration snapshots to Panorama for recordkeeping, but do not unify policy enforcement.

Configure the CN-Series only in public cloud clusters, and rely on Kubernetes Network Policies for on-premises cluster security. Synchronize partial policy information into Panorama manually as needed.

Use Kubernetes-native deployment tools (e.g., Helm) to deploy CN-Series in each cluster, ensuring local insertion into the service mesh or CNI. Manage all CN-Series firewalls centrally from Panorama, applying uniform Security policies across on-premises and cloud clusters.

Deploy a single CN-Series firewall in the on-premises data center to process traffic for all clusters, connecting remote clusters via VPN or peering. Manage this single instance through Panorama.

NO.42 To maintain security efficacy of its public cloud resources by using native tools, a company purchases Cloud NGFW credits to replicate the Panorama, PA-Series, and VM-Series devices used in physical data centers. Resources exist on AWS and Azure:
The AWS deployment is architected with AWS Transit Gateway, to which all resources connect The Azure deployment is architected with each application independently routing traffic The engineer deploying Cloud NGFW in these two cloud environments must account for the following:
Minimize changes to the two cloud environments
Scale to the demands of the applications while using the least amount of compute resources Allow the company to unify the Security policies across all protected areas Which two implementations will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

Deploy a VM-Series firewall in AWS in each VPC, create an IPSec tunnel between AWS and Azure, and manage the policy with Panorama.

Deploy Cloud NGFW for Azure in vNET/s, update the vNET/s routing to path traffic through the deployed NGFWs, and manage the policy with Panorama.

Deploy Cloud NGFW for Azure in vWAN, create a vWAN to route all appropriate traffic to the Cloud NGFW attached to the vWAN, and manage the policy with local rules.

Deploy Cloud NGFW for AWS in a centralized Security VPC, update the Transit Gateway to route all appropriate traffic through the Security VPC, and manage the policy with Panorama.

NO.43 A large enterprise wants to implement certificate-based authentication for both users and devices, using an on-premises Microsoft Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) hierarchy as the primary certificate authority (CA). The enterprise also requires Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) checks to ensure efficient revocation status updates and reduce the overhead on its NGFWs. The environment includes multiple Active Directory forests, Panorama management for several geographically dispersed firewalls, GlobalProtect portals and gateways needing distinct certificate profiles for users and devices, and strict Security policies demanding frequent revocation checks with minimal latency.
Which approach best addresses these requirements while maintaining consistent policy enforcement?

Deploy self-signed certificates at each site to simplify local certificate validation and reduce dependencies on a centralized CA. Turn off certificate revocation checks for lower overhead, rely on IP-based rules for GlobalProtect authentication, and use a single certificate profile for both users and devices.

Distribute the root and intermediate CA certificates via Panorama as shared objects to ensure all firewalls have a consistent trust chain. Configure OCSP responder profiles on each firewall to offload revocation checks to an internal OCSP server while keeping CRL checks as a fallback. Maintain separate certificate profiles for user and device authentication and use an automated enrollment method – such as Group Policy or SCEP – to deploy certificates to endpoints.

Configure each firewall independently to trust the root and intermediate CA certificates. Rely only on manual CRL checks for certificate revocation, and import both user and device certificates directly into each firewall’s local certificate store for authentication.

Obtain wildcard certificates from a public CA for both user and device authentication, and configure firewalls to perform CRL polling at the default update interval. Manually install user certificates on endpoints and synchronize firewall certificate stores through frequent manual SSH updates to maintain consistency.

NO.44 Which configuration step is required when implementing a new self-signed root certificate authority (CA) certificate for SSL decryption on a Palo Alto Networks firewall?

Import the new subordinate CA certificate into the trust stores of all client devices.

Set the subordinate CA certificate as the default routing certificate for all network traffic.

Configure the subordinate CA to issue certificates with indefinite validity periods.

Disable all existing SSL decryption rules until the new certificate is fully propagated.

NO.45 Without performing a context switch, which set of operations can be performed that will affect the operation of a connected firewall on the Panorama GUI?

Restarting the local firewall, running a packet capture, accessing the firewall CLI

Modification of local security rules, modification of a Layer 3 interface, modification of the firewall device hostname

Modification of pre-security rules, modification of a virtual router, modification of an IKE Gateway Network Profile

Modification of post NAT rules, creation of new views on the local firewall ACC tab, creation of local custom reports

NO.46 Which statement applies to Log Collector Groups?

Log redundancy is available only if each Log Collector has the same amount of total disk storage.

Enabling redundancy increases the log processing traffic in a Collector Group by 50%.

In any single Collector Group, all the Log Collectors must run on the same Panorama model.

The maximum number of Log Collectors in a Log Collector Group is 18 plus two hot spares.

NO.47 Which configuration in the LACP tab will enable pre-negotiation for an Aggregate Ethernet (AE) interface on a Palo Alto Networks high availability (HA) active/passive pair?

Set Transmission Rate to “fast.”

Set passive link state to “Auto.”

Set “Enable in HA Passive State.”

Set LACP mode to “Active.”

NO.48 Which two statements apply to configuring required security rules when setting up an IPSec tunnel between a Palo Alto Networks firewall and a third- party gateway? (Choose two.)

For incoming and outgoing traffic through the tunnel, creating separate rules for each direction is optional.

The IKE negotiation and IPSec/ESP packets are allowed by default via the intrazone default allow policy.

For incoming and outgoing traffic through the tunnel, separate rules must be created for each direction.

The IKE negotiation and IPSec/ESP packets are denied by default via the interzone default deny policy.

NO.49 An NGFW engineer is establishing bidirectional connectivity between the accounting virtual system (VSYS) and the marketing VSYS. The traffic needs to transition between zones without leaving the firewall (no external physical connections). The interfaces for each VSYS are assigned to separate virtual routers (VRs), and inter-VR static routes have been configured. An external zone has been created correctly for each VSYS. Security policies have been added to permit the desired traffic between each zone and its respective external zone. However, the desired traffic is still unable to successfully pass from one VSYS to the other in either direction.
Which additional configuration task is required to resolve this issue?

Create a transit VSYS and route all inter-VSYS traffic through it.

Add each VSYS to the list of visible virtual systems of the other VSYS.

Enable the “allow inter-VSYS traffic” option in both external zone configurations.

Create Security policies to allow the traffic between the two external zones.

NO.50 Which type of firewall resource can be assigned when configuring a new firewall virtual system (VSYS)?

ICPU

Sessions limit

Memory

Security profile limit

Palo Alto Networks NGFW-Engineer Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Integration and Automation: This section measures the skills of Automation Engineers in deploying and managing Palo Alto Networks NGFWs across various environments. It includes the installation of PA-Series, VM-Series, CN-Series, and Cloud NGFWs. The use of APIs for automation, integration with third-party services like Kubernetes and Terraform, centralized management with Panorama templates and device groups, as well as building custom dashboards and reports in Application Command Center (ACC) are key topics.
Topic 2	PAN-OS Networking Configuration: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers in configuring networking components within PAN-OS. It covers interface setup across Layer 2, Layer 3, virtual wire, tunnel interfaces, and aggregate Ethernet configurations. Additionally, it includes zone creation, high availability configurations (active active and active passive), routing protocols, and GlobalProtect setup for portals, gateways, authentication, and tunneling. The section also addresses IPSec, quantum-resistant cryptography, and GRE tunnels.
Topic 3	PAN-OS Device Setting Configuration: This section evaluates the expertise of System Administrators in configuring device settings on PAN-OS. It includes implementing authentication roles and profiles, and configuring virtual systems with interfaces, zones, routers, and inter-VSYS security. Logging mechanisms such as Strata Logging Service and log forwarding are covered alongside software updates and certificate management for PKI integration and decryption. The section also focuses on configuring Cloud Identity Engine User-ID features and web proxy settings.

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